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Market Volatility
3 views on the Russia-Ukraine conflict
Talha Khan
Political Economist
Darrell Spence
Economist
Jody Jonsson
Vice Chair

Russian attack brings long-sought European unity


Talha Khan, political economist


There is no shortage of tragic events unfolding in Ukraine — from the loss of life to the shattering of international peace accords to the economic damage suffered on all sides of the conflict. But if there is a silver lining to this catastrophe, it may be found among the growing chorus of nations joining to oppose Vladimir Putin’s military aggression.


Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has managed to do in one week what many observers of Europe have agonized over for decades: It has singularly united the European Union. Along with the United States and NATO, Western democracies haven’t been this closely aligned in purpose since the aftermath of the September 11 terrorist attacks.


The most profound shift happened over the weekend with new German Chancellor Olaf Scholz signaling radical changes in nearly every sacred pillar of German foreign policy. Among other extraordinary measures, Scholz announced a one-time increase of €100 billion in defence spending and committed to allocate more than 2% of Germany’s gross domestic product to annual defence spending.


Other European nations have signaled their resolve in various ways, including shipping weapons to Ukraine, accepting Ukrainian refugees and looking for alternatives to Russian oil and gas supplies. Russia is a major trading partner for Europe, and it remains to be seen whether the continent can forgo key Russian commodities given there are no easy substitutes.


Russia remains one of the world’s largest energy producers

The image shows the respective percentages of the world’s oil and natural gas production supplied by Russia for the years 2012, 2014, 2016, 2018 and 2020. For 2012 the numbers were 12% and 18%. For 2014, 12% and 17%. For 2016, 12% and 17%. For 2018, 12% and 17%. For 2020, 12% and 17%.

Sources: Capital Group, BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2021.

Will this new-found European unity persevere once the Russian threat has passed? I believe it will. It must endure if the EU expects to thrive in a brave new world that has shifted from 30 years of relative peace and cooperation to populist politics, heightened trade tensions and outright military conflict.


Geopolitics has returned as a major driver of world events. Political leaders and investors alike have no choice but to confront that reality.


The U.S. economy, Fed rate hikes and the “R” word


Darrell Spence, U.S. economist


While the threat to Europe’s economy is far greater, the U.S. economy probably won’t emerge from this conflict unscathed. Rising energy prices were a problem prior to the invasion of Ukraine and now are moving higher as global markets contemplate a world without Russia’s vast oil and gas supplies.


That could very well lead to higher U.S. inflation, which is already running hot. Price increases among food, energy, and other goods and services essentially rob U.S. consumers of their purchasing power. That can put a damper on consumer spending, which accounts for about 70% of U.S. economic activity.


Could it be bad enough to push the U.S. into recession? 


I’d put the chances at 25% to 30% by late 2022 or early 2023. The R word is a much bigger issue for Europe, of course, because of its proximity to the crisis and dependence on Russian trade, particularly in the energy sector. Europe is more exposed than the U.S., but both economies could falter if the conflict isn’t resolved soon.


Trade with Russia is a key component of the European economy

The image shows the total volume of Russian trade between the years 1999 and 2019 with Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Poland and the remaining European countries as well as Central Asia. The image shows how trade with Russia serves as a significant portion of the total trade volume in Europe. Based in USD.

Sources: Capital Group, World Bank, World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS). U.S. dollar values indexed to 2000. Total trade volume is calculated as the combined valued of imports and exports.

With the U.S. Federal Reserve poised to raise interest rates later this month, some market participants are wondering if the Ukraine crisis might give Fed officials a reason to keep rates near zero. Stocks rallied late last week partly on this sentiment, but I don’t see it happening.


The Fed is in a tough spot. With U.S. inflation hitting a 40-year high of 7.5% in January — and a war-related energy shock potentially pushing it even higher — Fed officials have no choice in my view but to raise rates at their March 15-16 meeting. In an ideal world, they could pause. But at this level of inflation, I don’t believe they have the luxury. That said, the conflict probably means a hike of 50 basis points is off the table. Rather, a more moderate 25 basis point increase is likely.


Fed officials have clearly telegraphed their intention to tighten monetary policy. Investors should expect them to do so.


Stay focused on long-term investment goals


Jody Jonsson, portfolio manager


The invasion of Ukraine is a shock to the system. It represents an overthrow of the world order we have known for the last 30 years. Markets had a hard time anticipating how this would play out and couldn’t imagine what actually happened. These events further add to the negative investor sentiment present due to rising energy prices, higher inflation and signs of slowing global economic growth.


Since the beginning of the year, we’ve been in an environment where price-to-earnings multiples are experiencing a significant correction, especially at the frothiest ends of the market. If the crisis in Ukraine eventually causes central banks to refrain from raising interest rates, that could be positive for some companies with solid earnings growth that are reasonably valued, especially if oil is not an input for them. With oil prices above US$100 a barrel now, that will be a major headwind for energy-dependent companies.


I’m also growing more concerned about the banking sector, particularly European banks. The economic outlook for Europe has deteriorated significantly in recent days. I think that creates more credit risk and raises the question of whether we are heading toward a recession later this year or next.


Market shocks have often been followed by market gains

The image shows the status of the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index from 1991 to present, along with an overlay of news events during that time. Those events include the First Gulf War in 1991, the SARS outbreak in 2003, the Second Gulf War in 2003, the Arab Spring in 2010, the invasion of Russia into Ukraine and Crimea in 2014, Brexit in 2016 and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

Sources: Capital Group, Refinitiv Datastream, Standard & Poor's. Values for 3M, 1Y and 2Y reflect the three-month, one-year and two-year price returns for the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index, respectively, following the closest trading day to the listed event. Returns are in USD.

It’s important to remember, however, that long-term investors can still find opportunity in the midst of chaos — be it war, inflation, or recession. There are still many companies that are growing and thriving and innovating, so that’s where I focus most of my time and energy.


My primary message for investors is to stay committed to your long-term investment goals. Don’t be disoriented by moments of crisis. Remember that markets are resilient and have powered through many challenges. Now is the time to evaluate your portfolio, stay focused on your path and try not to let external events derail your objectives.



Talha Khan is a political economist at Capital Group, responsible for covering the euro zone and broader geopolitical issues. He has 15 years of investment industry experience, all with Capital Group. Talha began his career at Capital as a participant in The Associates Program, a two-year series of work assignments in various areas of the organization. He holds a master’s degree in international political economy from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and a bachelor’s degree in economics and political science from Macalester College in St. Paul, Minn. Talha is based in London.

Darrell R. Spence covers the United States as an economist and has 31 years of industry experience (as of 12/31/2023). He holds a bachelor’s degree in economics from Occidental College. He also holds the Chartered Financial Analyst® designation and is a member of the National Association for Business Economics.

Jody Jonsson is vice chair of Capital Group and president of Capital Research and Management Company. She also serves on the Capital Group Management Committee and is an equity portfolio manager. She has 35 years of investment industry experience (as of 12/31/2023) and has been with Capital Group for 33 years. Jody holds an MBA from Stanford Graduate School of Business, where she was an Arjay Miller Scholar, and a bachelor’s degree in economics from Princeton University graduating cum laude. 


Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Index is a market capitalization-weighted index based on the results of approximately 500 widely held common stocks.

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